Indonesia posted a USD $709.4 million trade surplus in January 2015 according to the latest data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) released on Monday (16/02). Although the surplus is higher than expected and thus has a positive impact on the country’s trade and current account balances, the data also indicated that exports fell 8.09 percent year-on-year (y/y) to USD $13.30 billion signalling continued weakening global demand for Indonesian exports. Meanwhile, Indonesian imports shrank by 15.6 percent (y/y) to USD $12.59 billion.

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The Chief Executive at Newmont Nusa Tenggara, Martiono Hadianto, said that on Wednesday evening (03/09) a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been signed between the USA- based mining giant and the Indonesian government after an 8-month dispute over the country’s ban on exports of mineral ore (implemented on 12 January 2014). The mining company can now resume copper concentrate exports next week. Earlier this week it had been announced that both sides would come to an agreement.

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The Indonesian government and Newmont Nusa Tenggara (NNT) have reportedly agreed on the content of a renegotiation package after an 8-month dispute over the mineral ore export ban. NNT, subsidiary of the USA-based Newmont Mining Corporation, will be allowed to resume copper concentrate exports up to 200,000 tons (with a value of about USD $400 million) until the end of 2014. Last week, NNT already announced it would not seek international arbitration over this matter.

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State-controlled mining company Aneka Tambang (Antam) feels the negative impact of the Indonesian government’s new mining law (Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining) which replaced its 1967 predecessor. This new mining law is controversial because it contains a number of provisions that are negative for foreign investment in Indonesia’s mining sector. However, domestic players also feel the impact because of the mineral ore export ban, part of the mining law, which was implemented on 12 January 2014.

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Contrary to Newmont Nusa Tenggara (which has been in a heated dispute with the Indonesian government), Freeport Indonesia obtained a permit to resume copper concentrate exports from Indonesia after these had ceased since January 2014 when the government implemented the ban on exports of unprocessed minerals. Freeport Indonesia Chief Executive Rozik Sutjipto announced that the memorandum of understanding between both sides has been signed. The miner is the Indonesian unit of US based Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold.

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The construction of smelting and refining facilities in Indonesia - as stipulated in the new and controversial 2009 Mining Law - remains troublesome because several mining companies have delayed construction pending the judicial review of the 2009 Mining Law by the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. Meanwhile, Indonesia's Association of Bauxite and Iron ore Entrepreneurs (APB3I) said that the construction of 5 bauxite smelters need to be postponed due to financial uncertainties.

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Indonesia's Minister for Energy and Mineral Resources Jero Wacik opened the possibility for Newmont Nusa Tenggara, subsidiary of US-based gold miner Newmont Mining Corporation, to resume exports of ore concentrates, provided that Newmont shows its commitment to build a smelter in Indonesia as in accordance with the new and controversial 2009 Mining Law. One of the targets of this new law is to boost Indonesia’s downstream mining industry by prohibiting export of unprocessed minerals.

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R. Sukhyar, Director of Mineral and Coal at the Indonesian Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry said that 184 mining business licenses (Indonesian: Izin Usaha Pertambangan, or IUP), needed for exploration and mining activities, have been revoked this June because of overlapping mining areas and illegal administration. The revoked permits concerned mining areas in Jambi (99 revoked licenses), South Sumatra (83), and South Sulawesi (2). This case is another illustration of weak governance in Southeast Asia’s largest economy.

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R. Sukhyar, Director General for Coal and Mineral Resources at the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, said that Freeport Indonesia and Newmont Nusa Tenggara, two of the largest copper miners in Indonesia, have shown their commitment to build refining facilities (in line with the 2009 Mining Law) by agreeing to transfer a total of USD $140 million to the government as a deposit guarantee. Freeport will transfer USD $115 million, whereas Newmont will transfer the remaining USD $25 million.

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At the Board of Governors Meeting (08/05), Bank Indonesia decided to keep its benchmark interest rate (BI Rate) at 7.50 percent, the Lending Facility at 7.50 percent and the Deposit Facility at 5.75 percent. Bank Indonesia considers this monetary policy consistent with efforts to direct inflation back to its target level of 4.5 ± 1 percent in 2014 and 4.0 ± 1 percent in 2015, as well as to further ease the country's current account deficit to a more sustainable level. On Friday, Bank Indonesia is expected to release current account data covering Q1-2014.

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The central bank of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia) believes that the USD $430 million trade deficit that was recorded in January 2014 is a normal result taking into account the implementation of the ban on exports of unprocessed minerals (which reduces exports of materials such as copper and nickel) and seasonal trends as exports are always lower in January than in December due the end of winter peak demand for raw materials and ongoing contractual negotiations at the beginning of each year.

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