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Today's Headlines Manufacturing
We were quite surprised to see Indonesia’s latest manufacturing data. From July 2019 to January 2020 Indonesia’s manufacturing activity contracted (seven consecutive months!). Subdued global economic growth and the tariff war between the United States and China were the key reasons for these weak conditions in Indonesia’s manufacturing sector.
As expected, Indonesia experienced a weak start of the year in terms of its manufacturing activity. The IHS Markit Indonesia Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (or PMI) was recorded at 49.3 in December 2019 (remaining stubbornly below the 50.0 level that separates contraction from expansion in the manufacturing sector). The latest PMI figure is also a slight decline from 49.5 in the preceding month.
For the sixth straight month manufacturing activity in Indonesia remained in the red zone. It therefore was a very disappointing second half of 2019. Moreover, it raises room for concern about Indonesia’s overall economic growth in 2019.
For the fifth straight month manufacturing activity in Indonesia remained in the red zone, implying that the fourth – and last – quarter of 2019 is bound to be a disappointing quarter in terms of manufacturing activity (possibly becoming the weakest quarter in four years). And this is certainly not a good omen for Indonesia’s economic growth in Q4-2019.
Manufacturing activity in Indonesia has been in the red zone throughout the third quarter of 2019. In fact, the performance in Q3-2019 was Indonesia’s weakest performance in terms of manufacturing activity since the last quarter of 2016.
After the ‘false start’ in the third quarter of 2019 when, in July, Indonesia’s manufacturing conditions contracted for the first time since January 2019, there is again some bad news to share. In August 2019 manufacturing conditions in Southeast Asia’s largest economy continued to contract, and even at a more rapid pace than last month.
It was not the greatest start of the 3rd quarter for Indonesian manufacturers. In fact, in July 2019, Indonesian manufacturing conditions deteriorated for the first time since January 2019. The IHS Markit Indonesia Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) fell from a reading of 50.6 in June 2019 to 49.6 in July 2019, below the 50.0 point threshold that separates expansion from contraction.
Activity in Indonesia’s manufacturing sector grew in March 2019 on the back of solid domestic demand. The Nikkei Indonesia Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) accelerated to a reading of 51.2 in March, from 50.1 in the preceding month (a reading above 50.0 indicates expansion in the manufacturing sector, while a reading below 50.0 indicates contraction). It also meant that Indonesia managed to outperform its regional peers as the average PMI in the ASEAN counties stood at 50.3 in March. Overall, survey data show a marginal expansion in Indonesia’s manufacturing economy during the first quarter of 2019.
Manufacturing activity in Indonesia contracted in January 2019. It was the first time since exactly a year ago that Indonesia’s manufacturing activity contracted. The headline seasonally adjusted Nikkei Indonesia Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (or PMI) fell from 51.2 in December 2018 to 49.9 in the first month of 2019, representing largely unchanged conditions in the sector.
Manufacturing activity in Indonesia continued to expand in November 2018. However, the pace of expansion slowed further, for the third straight month, and the November reading was in fact the lowest reading of the past five months.
Latest Columns Manufacturing
Although the Indonesian rupiah exchange rate appreciated 0.86 percent to IDR 11,995 per US dollar on Friday (27/06) as economic data from China, South Korea and Taiwan sparked optimism that regional growth has picked up, the recent depreciating trend of Indonesia’s currency burdens the country’s manufacturing industry. This industry is still dependent on imports of raw materials, capital goods and auxiliary materials, which are paid using US dollars causing the domestic industry to feel the financial impact of a weaker rupiah.
Indonesia’s HSBC Markit Purchasing Manager’s Index (PMI) showed a reading of 51.1 in April 2014, significantly up from 50.1 in the previous month, meaning that manufacturing activity in Indonesia has grown (a reading above 50.0 indicates expansion, while a reading below 50.0 indicates contraction). In fact, amid improved economic conditions as well as strong demand, manufacturing activity in Southeast Asia’s largest economy expanded at the fastest pace in 11 months.
Although Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago, contains an abundance of commodities and has the world's fourth-largest population, the country's export and import figures are still small compared to the world's leading exporting and importing countries (see table below). There are many - and much smaller - countries that post much more impressive import and export data. In terms of exports, Indonesia is too dependent on commodities (accounting for around 60 percent of all exports) causing problems in times of price downswings.
It seems clear now how market conditions will be until the end of the year. Two important foreign issues - the US Federal Reserve's tapering of quantitative easing (QE3) as well as the US debt ceiling issue which resulted in a shutdown as the Democrats and Republicans failed to come to an agreement on the country's federal budget - and various economic data from Indonesia (inflation and the trade balance) have provided some more insight into the matter. I will discuss each topic one by one below.
HSBC's latest release of the Indonesia Manufacturing PMI did not paint a positive picture as Indonesia's manufacturing activity was reported to have contracted sharply in August 2013. The index declined to a 15-month low amid a contraction of output, new orders and export business. Payroll numbers fell at the fastest rate in the history of the HSBC survey. The August index stood at 48.5, down from 50.7 in July 2013, and marks the fourth consecutive month of decline. A reading below 50.0 indicates a contraction in manufacturing activity.
Rising Asian stock indices from the start of the week have supported Indonesia's main stock index (IHSG) to follow suit on Tuesday (13/08). Despite mixed markets in the United States and Europe, the IHSG grew 1.19 percent to 4,652.40 points. Japan's Nikkei index, which weakened seriously after the country's disappointing Q2 GDP result, rebounded and had a positive impact on the IHSG. Lastly, positive European openings made sure the IHSG would stay in the green zone.
Last week (22-26 July 2013), Indonesia's main stock index (IHSG) ended 1.39 percent down at 4,658.87. The daily value of transactions on the regular market narrowed to an average of IDR 3 trillion (USD $300 million) from IDR 3.84 trillion in the previous week. Foreigners still recorded net sales amounting to IDR 92.9 billion (USD $9.3 million). Lack of positive sentiments, financial results of companies that were below expectation and the continued weakening of the rupiah against the US dollar resulted in the decline of the index.
Investment realization in Indonesia grew 30.2 percent to IDR 192.8 trillion (USD $19.8 billion) in the first six months of 2013 (compared to the same period last year). This result implies that 49.4 percent of the investment target for full 2013 has been achieved. The Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) aims to collect IDR 390.3 trillion in investments this year. This target is divided in domestic direct investment (DDI) of IDR 117.7 trillion and foreign direct investment (FDI) of IDR 272.6 trillion.
Despite the fact that Indonesia reported the world's third-highest GDP growth in 2012 (behind China's 7.4 percent and Saudi Arabia's 7.1 percent), supported by rising consumption by a burgeoning middle class and significant increased foreign direct investment, the country's performance in terms of competitiveness is disappointing. It is cheaper to import products from countries that contain competitive businesses than to produce them in Indonesia.
