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Berita Hari Ini Energy
The Iran War reveals the risks involved when countries are dependent on imports of energy to meet domestic demand. In the case of Indonesia, which subsidizes part of domestic energy consumption, skyrocketing crude oil prices threaten to push the government's budget deficit beyond the legal cap of 3 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). And so, it is time for action.
Energy is crucial for Indonesia's social and economic development. And despite Indonesia's renewable energy ambitions (targeting to become carbon-neutral by 2060), crude oil (a fossil fuel) remains an important part of the country's energy policy. In fact, Indonesia has a long-term target to achieve a crude oil production of 1 million barrels per day (bpd) by 2030.
The National Energy Board (Dewan energi Nasional, DEN) wants foreign investors to play a key role in the development of large-scale solar power plants through the Red-White (Merah Putih) Village Cooperative. Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Bahlil Lahadalia stated that additional solar power through this cooperative will have a capacity of 80-100 gigawatts (GW).
On Thursday 03 July 2025 Indonesia Investments released its June 2025 report, titled 'Indonesia’s Energy-Poverty Nexus – Energy Disruptions Perpetuate Poverty'. The report discusses a selection of economic, political and social subjects that were relevant in the month of June 2025.
An important document was released by Indonesia’s state-owned electricity firm Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) at the end of May 2025. This document is titled the Electricity Supply Business Plan (in Indonesian: Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik, RUPTL) and covers the 2025-2034 period.
Indonesia has impressive potential for geothermal power. However, the country struggles to tap the potential of this renewable energy source. Not only does it prove difficult to encourage investment in exploration and exploitation, but sometimes there also exists resistance from the local population.
In December 2024, Indonesia’s Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources released a statement in which it said that renewable energy accounts for 13.93 percent of the national energy mix. Meanwhile, the ministry hopes this percentage can touch 14.1 percent by the end of 2024 especially supported by geothermal power development.
On 30 May 2024 a new government regulation took effect that might have an impact on the coal mining industry of Indonesia. This regulation is Government Regulation No. 25 of Year 2024 on the Amendment of Government Regulation No. 96 of 2021 on the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities (henceforth: Regulation 25/2024).
The stock market experienced turbulent times in May 2024. Indonesia’s benchmark stock index (Jakarta Composite Index, or, IHSG) in particular showed some volatile behavior, with daily increases and declines of more than one percent taking turns. However, the overall trend was negative in May 2024, as the IHSG shed 3.6 percent from a level of 7,234.20 points at the end of April 2024 to 6,970.74 points at the end of May 2024.
Geothermal energy is a (relatively) environmentally friendly power source that is derived from Earth's inner heat (the Earth’s core is estimated to carry temperatures around 5,500 degrees centigrade, which in fact equals the temperatures found at the surface of the Sun).
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The Indonesian government plans to tender 25 new geothermal development sites with a total combined capacity of 1,225 megawatt (MW). These 25 projects will require a total of USD $4.6 billion worth of investments and help to achieve the government’s target to raise the portion of geothermal energy in the country’s energy mix to 7.1 percent by 2025. These 25 projects are in addition to the 31 geothermal development projects that are currently being constructed and which should be operational by 2020.
Growth of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia is expected to be significantly weaker in 2015 than initially forecast. Indonesia’s Industry Ministry cut its 2015 forecast for expansion of the country’s manufacturing industry to 6.1 percent (year-on-year) from the previous estimate of 6.8 percent. In tandem with slowing economic growth in Southeast Asia’s largest economy, manufacturing growth has slowed to 4.99 percent (y/y) in Q3-2014. Moreover, the HSBC/Markit PMI contracted to a record low of 48.0 in November 2014.
Indonesia is facing the risk of becoming a net importer of energy by 2019 as the nation’s energy demand will reach 6.19 million barrels of oil equivalent per day (boepd) whereas the domestic energy supply will only reach 6.04 million boepd by that year. Provided that the economy of Indonesia remains expanding at a pace of +5 percent (year-on-year) while investments in energy exploration do not rise accordingly, Southeast Asia’s largest economy will become dependent on foreign energy supplies.
The new Joko Widodo-led government aims to triple domestic geothermal power production within the next five years in an effort to meet ever-increasing power demand in the world’s fourth-most populous country and to shift to more environment friendly energy sources (rather than the over-reliance on fossil fuels such as oil and coal). Although Indonesia is estimated to contain the world's largest geothermal energy reserves, the country only uses about four percent of its geothermal capacity potential.
When campaigning, presidential candidates will always promise a bright future in order to gain votes. It is particularly easy for a new presidential candidate to promise golden mountains as opposed to the incumbent president who needs to be more cautious making promises as people can point to the (failed) results of his promises during the presidential term. The 2014 Indonesian presidential election was particularly interesting as we saw two new presidential candidates and, thus, the ‘inflation of promises’.
After a long delay, Indonesia will finally start construction of the world's largest geothermal power plant, the USD $1.6 billion Sarulla project, in June 2014. Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs Chairul Tanjung said earlier this week that the groundbreaking of the Sarulla project will start very soon as the government had settled the financial framework. The project was already initiated in 1990 but shelved due to various issues, including the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s. The first phase of the project is expected to be completed in 2016.
The sharply depreciated Indonesian rupiah exchange rate in the second half of 2013 in combination with the decline in domestic oil lifting has led to a soaring of fuel subsidy spending in 2014. In the 2014 State Budget (APBN 2014), the ceiling of energy subsidy spending for 3-kg LPG and fuels was set at IDR 210.7 billion (USD $18.3 billion). However, in the 2014 Revised State Budget Draft, the government proposes to raise the subsidy ceiling to IDR 285 trillion (USD $24.8 billion), thus swelling IDR 74.3 trillion from the initial ceiling.
In an attempt to attract investments in Indonesia's geothermal power sector, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources plans to offer higher prices for geothermal-based electricity. Based on a recommendation from the World Bank, the new proposed geothermal-produced electricity price will range between 11.5 and 29 cents per KwH and will be effective until 2025. Currently, state-owned Perusahaan Listrik Negara pays between 10 and 18.5 cents per KwH to independent geothermal power producers (feed-in tariff).
Production of coalbed methane (CBM) in Indonesia will most likely not meet the government's target of 500 million standard cubic feet per day (mmscfd) in 2015. Coalbed methane, an environmental friendly fuel, is a form of natural gas that occurs in coal beds. Although the production of CBM is a complementary aspect of coal mining, it has only started to gain attention in recent years. CBM reserves in Indonesia, estimated at 453 trillion cubic feet (tcf), are among the world's largest CBM reserves (6 percent of total global CBM reserves).
Coal is one of the most important commodities for Indonesia in terms of state revenue as it accounts for about 85 percent of the country's total mining revenue. Therefore, when global coal prices fell sharply from 2011 (amid a slowing global economy), Indonesia felt the impact. In a response to lower coal prices, Indonesian miners actually increased coal output thus placing more downward pressure on coal prices and profit margins. Although the coal industry will remain frail for some time to come, long-term prospects are still strong.
