Indonesia Investments Report - January 2021 Edition: COVID-19 Crisis to Linger On?
Update COVID-19 in Indonesia: 1,298,608 confirmed infections, 35,014 deaths (23 February 2021)
23 February 2021 (closed)
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Berita Hari Ini Fuel Subsidies
Net profit of Indonesia's fully state-owned oil & gas company Pertamina is estimated to have declined to around IDR 27 trillion (approx. USD $2.0 billion) in full-year 2017, down about 35 percent (y/y) from USD $3.1 billion in the preceding year. The decline is attributed to rising crude oil prices and the government's refusal to adjust subsidized fuel prices.
The government of Indonesia needs to keep spending on energy subsidies under control. Looking at the latest data, released by the Finance Ministry on Wednesday (03/01), the government spent IDR 7.4 trillion (approx. USD $573 million) more on energy subsidies (fuel, LPN and electricity) throughout 2017 than it had targeted in the (revised) 2017 state budget.
Indonesia turned into a net oil importer in 2004 as domestic oil output declined sharply while domestic fuel consumption surged amid the growing economy (hence becoming more and more dependent on oil imports). Prior to 2016, the Indonesian government provided generous energy subsidies (for fuel and electricity), resulting in a deteriorating budget deficit, trade deficit, current account deficit, and pressure on the rupiah. Moreover, government spending on energy consumption limited room for government spending on productive sectors such as infrastructure and social development.
Angka inflasi Indonesia pada bulan Desember 2015 lebih tinggi dari yang diharapkan pada 0,96% pada basis month-to-month (m/m). Tingkat inflasi bulanan yang tinggi dikarenakan kenaikan harga makanan dan transportasi selama perayaan Natal dan Tahun Baru. Namun demikian, tingkat inflasi tahunan Indonesia jatuh ke level terendah sejak 2010 karena hilangnya dampak kenaikan harga bahan bakar bersubsidi pada bulan November 2014 dari angka inflasi tahunan, maka realisasi inflasi jatuh jauh di bawah target pemerintah (5%) dan kisaran target bank sentral (3-5%) pada tahun 2015.
Indonesian inflation may reach 2.9 percent year-on-year (y/y) only in full-year 2015, the lowest level since 2009 when inflation in Southeast Asia's largest economy was recorded at 2.78 percent (y/y). In recent years Indonesia's inflation has been volatile with peaks correlating with administered price adjustments (primarily fuel and electricity price hikes as the government is keen on limiting spending on subsidies). Another characteristic of Indonesia is that inflation is generally high (compared to advanced economies), which is in line with the higher economic growth pace (than that of advanced economies).
Indonesia's Statistics Agency (BPS) announced today that Indonesian inflation was recorded at 0.21 percent (month-to-month) in November 2015. On an annual basis, inflation eased markedly to 4.89 percent in November, from 6.25 percent in the preceding month, as the impact of the subsidized fuel price hike in November 2014 vanished from the annual inflation rate. In November 2014 inflation had accelerated 1.50 percent (m/m). Next month, Indonesia's annual inflation will most likely ease even more sharply.
Bank sentral Indonesia (Bank Indonesia) memprediksi inflasi headline akan mencapai 2,79% pada basis year-on-year (y/y) dalam setahun penuh 2015, di bawah cakupan target bank sentral yaitu 3-5%. Inflasi di Indonesia pada tahun ini rendah, berakumulasi menjadi 2,16% di 10 bulan pertama tahun 2015, dan Bank Indonesia memperkirakan bahwa laju inflasi akan tetap terkontrol di dua bulan terakhir tahun 2015.
In Indonesian media more and more (unofficial) information circulates about the third installment of the government's economic policy package. This third installment, which is expected to be unveiled next week by Indonesian President Joko Widodo, involves lowering prices of gas, diesel and electricity (for industries) to avert more layoffs in Indonesia's manufacturing industry. Meanwhile, the government may lower lending rates (by cutting unnecessary costs) in order to boost credit expansion in Southeast Asia's largest economy.
Pemerintah Indonesia mungkin akan memotong harga bahan bakar minyak di kuartal 4 tahun 2015 dalam rangka mendongkrak daya beli masyarakat dan mengurangi biaya yang ditanggung para pelaku manufaktur lokal. Tindakan ini akan menjadi bagian dari paket stimulus Pemerintah yang diprediksi akan diumumkan minggu depan. Pada tanggal 9 September dan tanggal 29 September, Pemerintah Indoensia telah mengumumkan dua paket kebijakan ekonominya. Kontras dengan dua paket kebijakan yang pertama, paket ketiga seharusnya memberikan hasil dalam jangka waktu pendek.
Bank sentral Indonesia (Bank Indonesia) memperkirakan bahwa inflasi akan menurun di bawah 7% pada basis year-on-year (y/y) di bulan September 2015 akibat harga bahan-bahan pangan yang rendah dan menurunnya harga-harga yang ditetapkan (termasuk bahan bakar dan listrik) setelah periode Ramadan dan Idul Fitri. Gubernur Bank Indonesia Agus Martowardojo mengatakan bank sentral memprediksi inflasi mencapai sekitar 6,95% (y/y) di bulan September.
Artikel Terbaru Fuel Subsidies
Ahead of the legislative and presidential elections (scheduled for April 2019) the Indonesian government is unwilling to impose impopular measures. One of the side-effects is that subsidy spending has gone beyond the target that was set in the 2018 State Budget. Lets take a closer look at spending on energy subsidies in Indonesia so far this year.
The decision of Indonesia's central bank (Bank Indonesia), last week, to cut its key interest rate (BI rate) by 0.25 percent to 7.00 percent and to cut the reserve-requirement ratio for commercial banks' rupiah deposits by 1 percent to 6.5 percent is a decision that should boost household consumption in Indonesia in 2016, improve people's purchasing power, give rise to a stronger automotive and property sector, and boost liquidity at local banks (hence providing room for an acceleration of credit growth in Southeast Asia's largest economy).
After having experienced two consecutive months of deflation in September and October, Indonesia is expected to see inflation again in November, primarily on higher food prices (chicken meat and rice). Agus Martowardojo, Governor of Bank Indonesia, expects an inflation rate of 0.2 percent (month-on-month) in November. This would mean that inflation in full-year 2015 is likely to reach 3 percent (y/y), in line with earlier estimates and within - or perhaps slightly below - Bank Indonesia's target range of 3 - 5 percent (y/y) of inflation in 2015.
The government of Indonesia unveiled the last installment of a series of three stimulus packages on Wednesday (07/10). The first two installments had been unveiled last month. In general, these stimulus packages aim to boost economic growth of Indonesia (which has slowed to a six-year low) and restore investors' confidence in the Indonesian rupiah and stocks. When markets believed that the Federal Reserve would soon raise its key interest rate, Indonesia was plagued by severe capital outflows pushing the rupiah to a 17-year low.
Sejak akhir 2011 Indonesia telah dibebani oleh defisit transaksi berjalan struktural yang menguatirkan baik para pembuat kebijakan maupun para investor (asing). Meskipun pihak berwenang di Indonesia telah mengimplementasikan reformasi kebijakan dan penyesuaian perekonomian di beberapa tahun terakhir, defisit transaksi berjalan Indonesia hanya sedikit berubah di 2015. Baik Bank Dunia maupun Bank Indonesia memprediksi bahwa defisit transaksi berjalan akan tetap berada sedikit di bawah 3% dari produk domestik bruto (PDB) di 2015, sangat dekat dengan batasan yang memisahkan defisit yang sustainable dan yang unsustainable.
Although most emerging market stocks fell, Indonesian stocks and the rupiah showed a solid performance on Thursday (21/05). The rupiah appreciated 0.40 percent to IDR 13,122 per US dollar according to the Bloomberg Dollar Index, while the benchmark stock index of Indonesia (Jakarta Composite Index) rose 0.39 percent to 5,313.21 points. Most emerging stocks fell due to weak data from China (despite a series of stimulus). However, Indonesian stocks were supported by news about its credit rating and dividend announcements.
Inflation in Indonesia is expected to accelerate to 6.80 percent year-on-year (y/y) in April 2015, from 6.38 percent y/y in the previous month, according to the central bank of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia). As global oil prices have somewhat recovered from their recent lows, they add inflationary pressures in Indonesia (higher transportation costs). On a month-on-month (m/m) basis, Indonesian inflation is expected to be around 0.35 percent in April. This figure would be in sharp contrast to ‘normal’ April inflation.
Menurut data terakhir dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Indonesia mencatat inflasi bulanan sebesar 0,17% pada bulan Maret 2015. Ini adalah bulan pertama tahun ini Indonesia mencatat inflasi bulanan. Pada bulan Januari dan Februari, Indonesia mengalami deflasi masing-masing 0,24% dan 0,36% pada basis month-to-month (m/m). Inflasi Maret terutama disebabkan karena penyesuaian harga yang diatur: harga yang lebih tinggi dari bensin (oktan rendah), diesel, dan tabung gas elpiji 12 kg. Penyesuaian-penyesuaian ini dibutuhkan karena kenaikan harga minyak dan pelemahan rupiah.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) released a report today (24/03) in which it discusses recent economic developments in Indonesia. According to the report, Indonesia’s economic growth is projected to accelerate over the two years ahead provided that the Indonesian government continues to implement structural policy reforms. Such reforms - which include the acceleration of infrastructure development, reduction of logistical costs, and enhancing budget implementation - should lead to an improvement of the investment climate.
The trade balance of Indonesia improved in 2014. Over the whole year of 2014 Indonesia posted a USD $1.88 billion trade deficit, significantly better than the USD $4.08 billion deficit it recorded a year earlier. Today (02/02), Statistics Indonesia announced that Indonesia posted a USD $0.19 billion trade surplus in the last month of the year after having recorded a USD $0.42 billion trade deficit in the preceding month. The improved performance is mainly due to the country’s growing non-oil & gas surplus and narrowing oil & gas deficit.
