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Today's Headlines Foreign Direct Investment
While the COVID-19 crisis has seriously disrupted consumption, production, trade, and investment around the globe, this crisis apparently has only a limited impact on direct investment realization in Indonesia. After experiencing a relatively modest hiccup only in Q2-2020, investment recovered to record high levels in subsequent quarters. Does that make sense? What is going on here?
Based on the latest data from the Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), total investment realization in Indonesia fell 4.3 percent year-on-year (y/y) in the second quarter of 2020 (these data do not include investment in the banking and oil and gas sectors). The decline is attributed to the COVID-19 crisis that has paralyzed the global and domestic economies.
On Monday 20 April 2020 the Investment Coordinating Board (in Indonesian: Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal, or BKPM), a government agency, released the latest direct investment data, involving foreign and domestic direct investment in the first quarter of 2020.
The legislative and presidential elections that are scheduled for April 2019 seem to have a big impact on direct investment realization in Indonesia this year. Based on the latest data from the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), foreign direct investment (FDI) realization dropped 20.2 percent year-on-year (y/y) to IDR 89.1 trillion (USD $5.9 billion) in the third quarter of 2018. This constitutes the third consecutive quarterly decline in FDI realization in Indonesia.
The Indonesian government may soon revise its negative investment list (in Indonesian: dafter negatif investasi) to attract more foreign investment into Indonesia. The government is specifically seeking to allow bigger foreign stakes in the management of airports across the Archipelago.
According to the latest data of Indonesia's Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Indonesia in the first quarter of 2017 was recorded at a modest pace of 0.9 percent year-to-year (y/y) to IDR 97 trillion, sliding further from a growth pace of 2.1 percent (y/y) in the preceding quarter. Declining FDI is attributed to the ethnic and religious tensions in Jakarta (surrounding the 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election) as well as persistent global uncertainties. The FDI data exclude investment in the country's banking and the oil & gas sector.
Indonesia's Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) has released the direct investment figures - both foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic direct investment (DDI) - for the fourth quarter of 2016 (implying we now also know the full-year 2016 figures). The BKPM data show a number of interesting developments that we outline below.
Investment realization in Indonesia's capital city of Jakarta fell to IDR 51.2 trillion (approx. USD $3.8 billion) in full-year 2016, down from IDR 55 trillion worth of investment in the preceding year. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Jakarta was recorded at IDR 41.5 trillion in 2016, while domestic direct investment (DDI) reached IDR 9.7 trillion. What explains this overall decline of investment in Jakarta?
Total foreign direct investment (FDI) in the ASEAN region (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) fell USD $10 billion - or 7.7 percent year-on-year (y/y) - in full-year 2015 according to information from the ASEAN Secretariat. Particularly FDI originating from ASEAN's dialogue partners slid considerably. ASEAN has 10 dialogue partners: Australia, Canada, China, the European Union (EU), India, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Russia, and the United States.
Direct investment in Indonesia (both domestic and foreign) totaled IDR 298.1 trillion in the first half of 2016, up 14.8 percent from investment realization in the same period one year earlier. Foreign direct investment (FDI) was recorded at IDR 195.5 trillion¹, up 12.3 percent (y/y) - and accounting for 65.6 percent of total investment realization in the first six months of 2016 - while domestic direct investment (DDI) rose 20.0 percent (y/y) over the same period. On a quarter-to-quarter basis, FDI into Indonesia rose 7.9 percent, considerably lower than the 17.1 percent (q/q) growth pace in the preceding quarter.
Latest Columns Foreign Direct Investment
Investment realization in Indonesia in the first quarter of 2015 totaled IDR 124.6 trillion (USD $9.7 billion), up 16.9 percent from the same quarter last year. Domestic direct investment climbed 22.8 percent (y/y) to IDR 42.5 trillion, while foreign direct investment (FDI) rose 14 percent (y/y) to IDR 82.1 trillion in Q1-2015. These data, released by the Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) on Tuesday (28/04), brought some positivity in Indonesia after listed companies’ weak Q1-2015 financial results led to concern and capital outflow.
The Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) announced that foreign and domestic direct investment realization in Indonesia totalled IDR 463.1 trillion (USD $37 billion) in 2014, a 16.2 percent increase from the previous year and exceeding the target that was set previously. This is a positive result as 2014 was expected to be a rather bleak year in terms of direct investment amid political uncertainties triggered by the (fragmented results) of the country’s legislative and presidential elections.
A total of 35 American companies are interested to invest a combined USD $61 billion in Indonesia over the next five years according to a survey conducted by the Paramadina Public Policy Institute, the American Chamber of Commerce in Indonesia (AmCham Indonesia), the Indonesian Employers Association (Apindo), and the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin Indonesia). These 35 US companies have already invested a total of USD $65 billion in Indonesia over the period 2004 to 2012.
The Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) announced that growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Indonesia has slowed in the first nine months of 2014. In the first three quarters Indonesia saw the influx of IDR 228.3 trillion (USD $18.7 billion) worth of FDI, a 14.6 percentage point increase year-on-year (y/y). However, this growth pace is much lower than the 21.3 percent point growth of FDIs in the first nine months of 2013. In US dollar terms the decline was even greater as the rupiah has been depreciating.
Establishment of a company in Indonesia is done through a foreign investment and is subject to specific establishment requirements. A foreign investment is by law 25 of 2007 (Investment Law) defined as an investing activity conducted by a foreign investor for running a business inside Indonesia (including company establishment). Such foreign investment can be conducted either by using 100% foreign capital (which is subject to certain restrictions) or by partially using domestic capital. A foreign investor can be a foreign person, a foreign company or a foreign government body.
A Foreign Representative Office (Kantor Perwakilan Perusahaan Asing [KPPA]) is a more general form of representative office than the foreign trade representative office and the foreign construction services representative office as we covered in previous columns. The Foreign Representative Office is regulated by BKPM, whereas the aforementioned representative offices are regulated by respectively the ministry of trade and the ministry of public works. Due to the general nature of a Foreign Representative Office, it is typically set up to provide managerial support to the parent company abroad.
A foreign construction service representative office in Indonesia is established by foreign overseas parent companies, specifically for conducting business activities in the field of construction services. Construction services can be defined as consultancy services in planning of construction work, construction implementation services, and consultancy services regarding the supervision of construction work.
A foreign trade representative office in Indonesia can be set up by overseas companies quickly and with relative ease. In general, a foreign trade representative office is established with the purpose to take care of the interests of the parent company abroad and/or for preparation of the establishment and development of foreign investment activities in Indonesia. Due to their purpose the scope of activities is limited to representation of the overseas company and is therefore not allowed to directly be engaged in sales and related activities.
On Tuesday (21/01), the Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) announced that investments in Indonesia grew 27 percent to IDR 398.6 trillion (USD $33 billion) in 2013, thus exceeding the target that was set at the start of the year (IDR 390 trillion). This result, which is a new record high for Southeast Asia's largest economy, was supported by a 39 percent increase in domestic direct investment (IDR 128.2 trillion) and a 22 percent increase in foreign direct investment (IDR 272.6 trillion).
According to a survey of the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), 44.9 percent of respondents assessed Indonesia as the most promising investment destination for the next three years. The respondents in this survey involved 500 Japanese companies that engage in international businesses. For Indonesia it is the first time in 21 years that it forms the preferred choice of overseas investments for Japanese companies, thus replacing China. In 2013, Japan already dominates foreign direct investment in Indonesia.
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