The Indonesian rupiah exchange rate and benchmark stock index (IHSG or Jakarta Composite Index) both plunged severely after the US Federal Reserve announced on Wednesday (19/03) to cut another USD $10 billion from its bond-buying program (quantitative easing). Moreover, speculation arose that US interest rates may increase in 2015 (the US central bank had kept interest rates close to zero for over five years to stimulate economic growth). It led to tumbling stocks, bonds and currencies across Asia on Thursday (20/03).

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Global credit rating agency Fitch Ratings reminded the investor community about the ongoing risk of a sudden reversal of capital inflows in Indonesia. In the first two months of 2014, capital inflows have been strong, reaching a total of USD $2.3 billion, a 16 percent increase from the same period last year, backed by renewed confidence in Indonesia's economic fundamentals as the current account deficit and inflation have moderated since the end of last year. However, several risks are looming causing potential volatility of capital flows.

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After recording three months of consecutive trade surpluses at the end of 2013, Indonesia's trade balance slipped back into deficit in January 2014. Indonesia - Southeast Asia's largest economy - posted a USD $430.6 million deficit in the first month of 2014. Exports fell 5.79 percent (year-on-year) to USD $14.48 billion, while imports fell 3.46 percent to USD $14.92 billion. The decline in exports were caused by the implementation of the ban on raw minerals (per 12 January 2014). Mineral ore exports fell over 70 percent (month-to-month).

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Based on the Bloomberg Dollar Index, the Indonesian rupiah exchange rate appreciated 0.15 percent to IDR 11,647 per US dollar on Wednesday (26/02). All through the day, the currency traded within a fairly narrow trading range, possibly due to market participants' wait and see attitude ahead of the release of important US economic indicators. As the US economy is improving and the US unemployment rate is declining, the Federal Reserve may wind down its quantitative easing program in a more aggressive manner soon.

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Indonesian stocks and the country's currency feel the negative impact of the further winding down of the Federal Reserve's bond-buying program (quantitative easing). Yesterday (29/01), it was announced that the Fed will cut the bond-buying program by USD $10 billion to USD $65 billion per month. Among market participants concern emerged about the stability of emerging economies amid the tapering as capital outflows are expected. After opening, the benchmark stock index of Indonesia (IHSG) immediately fell more than 1 percent.

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On Wednesday (29/01), the Federal Reserve (Fed) announced to cut its massive bond-buying program (quantitative easing, QE) by another USD $10 billion after the FOMC meeting, while maintaining interest rates close to zero. Originally, the Fed's QE program, implemented in September 2012, totalled USD $85 billion per month but after the cuts in December 2013 and January 2014, it is now wound down to USD $65 billion per month and if the pace of tapering continues, the program might be over by the end of 2014.

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Asian stocks and currencies strengthened on Wednesday (29/01) after the central banks of Turkey and India tightened their monetary policies in order to attract capital inflows and restore investors' confidence. The central bank of Turkey raised its overnight lending rate aggresively from 7.75 percent to 12 percent on Tuesday (28/01); a measure which managed to calm down Asian markets. According to the Bloomberg Dollar Index, the Indonesia rupiah exchange rate appreciated 0.20 percent to IDR 12,166 per US dollar on Wednesday.

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On Tuesday (28/01), the Indonesia rupiah exchange rate shows a volatile performance. Around 15:30 local Jakarta time, Indonesia's currency appreciated 0.08 percent against the US dollar. Market participants are waiting for the outcome of the Federal Reserve's FOMC meeting held on 27-28 January 2014. Most analysts expect the Federal Reserve to quicken the winding down (tapering) of its quantitative easing program. This program caused a large capital inflow in emerging economies, including Indonesia, in recent years.

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Indonesia's central bank (Bank Indonesia) kept its benchmark interest rate (known as the BI rate) at 7.50 percent in today's Board of Governor's meeting (09/01). The institution decided not to change its interest rate because it estimates that the inflation target for 2014 is not in jeopardy (4.5 percent) while Indonesia's economic growth prospects for 2014 and 2015 remain unchanged. Also the overnight lending facility as well as deposit facility rate (Fasbi) were kept at 7.50 percent and 5.75 percent respectively.

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Ahead of the new year, the Indonesia rupiah exchange rate continues its downward trend on Monday (30/12). Bank Indonesia's Jakarta Interbank Spot Dollar Rate (JISDOR) fell to IDR 12,270 per US dollar from IDR 12,260 on the previous trading day. Due to the improving US economy, the US dollar keeps appreciating against the majority of emerging currencies. At most local Indonesian banks, the rupiah is traded significantly above the psychological level of IDR 12,000 per US dollar.

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Asia's stock indices were up after various US economic data (including non-farm payrolls and consumer confidence) were better than expected, including Indonesia's benchmark stock index (also known as the Jakarta Composite index or IHSG). The index climbed 0.80 percent to 4,214.34 points on Monday (09/12). Supported by foreign net buying, almost all sectoral indices of the IHSG were up. The economic policy package that was released by the Ministry of Economy this afternoon also provided support for the index and the rupiah.

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Falling stock indices on Wall Street on Wednesday (04/12) impacted on Asia the following day resulting in the majority of Asian indices being down on Thursday's trading day (05/12), including the benchmark stock index of Indonesia (IHSG). Besides the impact of Wall Street, Asian stock markets are also vulnerable to ongoing concern about the future of the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program. In the case of Indonesia, negative market sentiments are intensified by the continued depreciation of the rupiah exchange rate.

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The continued presence of negative market sentiments made it impossible for Indonesia's Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG) to rebound. The looming end of the FED's quantitative easing program - which may be wound down sooner than expected - is a big cause for concern. The depreciating Indonesia rupiah exchange rate intensifies these concerns, particularly regarding companies that have exposure to volatile US dollar movements. Furthermore, investors are waiting for further US economic data as well as for Bank Indonesia's next meeting.

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The Jakarta Composite Index (Indonesia's benchmark stock index which is also known as the IHSG) gained 0.53 percent on Friday (29/11) and ended on 4,256.43 points. Today's trading day was relatively quiet with a transaction value of only IDR 3.30 trillion (USD $276.50 million). Foreign net buying of Indonesian shares supported the IHSG index to end this month's last trading day on a positive note. Sectors that performed well were agriculture (+2.18 percent), construction (+1.27 percent), and mining (+0.99 percent).

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Emerging East Asian countries should use the window of opportunity opened by the delay in US monetary policy normalization to strengthen their economies and financial systems, the latest quarterly Asia Bond Monitor from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) urges. “A delay in US bond tapering gives the region a bit of extra time to make sure its economy and financial systems are resilient enough to face the likely market volatility ahead,” said Iwan J. Azis, Head of ADB’s Office of Regional Economic Integration which produced the report.

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In the last three months, Indonesia's benchmark stock index (IHSG) experienced continued selling pressures causing the index to plunge from a high of 5,215 to a low of 4,026. The country's economic slowdown and net selling by foreign investors triggered the rapid decline. Up to the third week of November, net selling of Indonesian stocks amounted to IDR 14.9 trillion (USD $1.3 billion). The looming winding down of the Federal Reserve's USD $85 billion per month bond buying program has brought significant negative market sentiments.

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On the last day of the trading week (22/11), Indonesia's benchmark stock index (IHSG) fell 0.19 percent to 4,317.96 points thereby extending its losing streak to three days as investors remain concerned about the looming end - or at least winding down - of the Federal Reserve's monthly USD $85 billion bond buying program known as quantitative easing (QE3). Foreign investors recorded a net sell of IDR 38 billion (USD $3.3 million). The other indices in Asia were mixed. The Hang Seng and Nikkei were up but the Shanghai Composite was down.

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The Federal Reserve, central banking system of the United States, expects that the current economic recovery of the USA is set to continue. In the minutes of the latest Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting, held at end-October 2013, it is mentioned that within the next few months the Federal Reserve can start winding down its monthly USD $85 billion stimulus program (known as quantitative easing). The next FOMC meeting, which will shed more light on the future of the bond-buying program, is scheduled for December 2013.

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Amid falling Asian stock indices, Indonesia's benchmark stock index (IHSG) went down 1.08 percent to 4,350.79 points on Wednesday's trading day (20/11). As has become an usual pattern, after one or two days of gain, market participants immediately engage in profit taking the following day. Investors reacted to the OECD's downgrade of its outlook for global economic growth (triggered by slowing growth in emerging markets) and to Indonesia's central bank's higher interest rate (which impacts negatively on the country's economic growth).

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Various factors contributed to the 1.34 percent rise of Indonesia's benchmark stock index (also known as the Jakarta Composite Index or the IHSG) on Monday (18/11) to 4,393.59 points. Firstly, the index was supported by other major Asian stock indices which all benefited from rising indices on Wall Street and in Europe at the end of last week. Secondly, the IHSG felt the positive impact from speculation that the government of China will reform its economy in order to spur economic growth.

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